China’s Dual Circulation Strategy

China’s Dual Circulation Strategy

Dual circulation enshrines China’s long-standing ambition to become self-sufficient. Such an ambition was made known to the world in 2015 after the launch of China’s industrial policy masterplan, Made in China 2025, even though the world at the time was still in full...
The Strategic Challenges of Decoupling

The Strategic Challenges of Decoupling

China has been following a long-term strategy of reducing its dependence on foreign technology and capabilities for more than 15 years and has projected that strategy forward another 15 years, called decoupling. In this article the authors explain four strategies for...
World Bank Country Facts on China

World Bank Country Facts on China

Since China began to open up and reform its economy in 1978, GDP growth has averaged almost 10 percent a year, and more than 800 million people have been lifted out of poverty. There have also been significant improvements in access to health, education, and other...
Evolving Made in China 2025. China’s Industrial Policy in the Quest for Global Tech Leadership

China’s 14th Five-Year Plan 2021 to 2025

China’s 14th Five-Year Plan marks a shift away from the quantitative growth-focus of Beijing’s previous plans. Instead, it aims to usher in a more inward-looking “new developmental stage” that targets “quality development.” Go